The Axial Age

Hourglass above scattered coins in golden light

In his book ‘The Origin and Goal of History’, Karl Jaspers defines the period basically between 800-200 BC as an interregnum or a time of changing power dynamics which resulted in a multitude of views on reality. In the far east is Laozi, Confucius and Mencius. In the Indian sub-continent is Gautama Buddha, Kapila, Vyasa, Patanjali, Jaimini and others. In the western world the Pre-Socratics; Thales, Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Parmenides along with Socrates, Plato, Aristotles and the post Socratics of Epicurus, Diogenes, Zeno and Pyrrho of Elis. These sages focused on profound questions about human existence, morality, and the universe, shifting from myth to reason. They laid the foundations for thought emphasizing individual conscience, universal ethics and rational inquiry. However, this was an interregnum between controlling powers and when this period drew to a close the power elites again resorted to different versions of faith and superstition to manipulate the public. Over the ensuing approximately 1500 years humanity at large was told what to believe and how to engage that belief with the dire consequences of not following often times resulting in hanging or burning at the stake! The Renaissance, literally ‘new beginning’, fostered a revival of critical thinking and the emergence of a burgeoning middle class who were able to throw off, to a certain degree, the crushing authority of the controlling power structures. Historically we moved from myth to reason and then from faith to reason. Now, there is the idea that we are in post modernity with widely differing views on what that is? In any case, this is where we begin our search for….you decide…

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