Bureaucracy: Administration characterized by excessive red tape and routine (the term first recorded in 1810-20; Bureau + -cracy, modeled on French bureaucratie). In the Modern Age, one of its most evident and agonizing creations being bureaucracies. The timing for the development and expansion of government bureaucracies follows population growth and the rise of nation states and the fall of the nobility who were acting as governing institutions. Napoleon was on a mission in over 50 military campaigns to end feudalism and replace the monarchies by promoting people based on skill and talent rather than noble birth. The Napoleonic Code formally ended the hereditary privileges and manorial rights in areas like Germany and Italy. 1800 marked the world population passing 1 billion and is now over 8 billion! At the beginning of the 19th century world population was about 6% urban which has flipped to over 80% urban and less than 20% rural, another obvious cause of the amazing increase in the need for bureaucracies. Living with such an extreme rise in population has its drawbacks, but we have so many opportunities and with Ai we can be polymaths (know-it-alls) at the push of a button!