Stature…

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Stature: Degree of development attained; level of achievement. For most of human history the primary concern was physical survival. However, in the last 200 years thanks to material advancements, there is a common quest to gain stature within society. This may be individual which drives conspicuous consumption and also cultural where a significant group of people are bound and determined to establish their recognition of identity and accomplishment. Anti-colonialism is the social, economic, religious, and governmental movement which began philosophically with the writings of John Locke and Jean-Jaques Rousseau and the war cry, “All men are created equal!” The French Revolution byline of “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”, eventually led to Napoleon and the toppling of the Nobility dominating Europe. The American Revolution freed the settlers from the Royals and British foreign rule. In the 19th century further movements within Central and South America saw many countries getting independence from Spain and Portugal. By the 20th Century anti-colonialism had become the status quo worldwide from Gandhi’s Satyagraha (truth-force) to Nelson Mandela’s South African struggle against apartheid to Ho Chi Minh and the Vietnamese throwing off the French rulers. The United Nations, now composed of 193 countries, had its foundations in a 1795 essay by Immanuel Kant, “Perpetual Peace.” The ideal he proposed was a “federation of independent states” rather than a single world state to ensure lasting peace. There was a post-Napoleonic “Concert of Europe” which eventually evolved into the UN designed around the “sovereign equality of all peace-loving States”. It seeks to balance the power of large nations (through the Security Council) with the rights of smaller ones. “Might makes right”, was Machiavelli’s conclusion and that seems to be the real balance of power since the introduction of nuclear armaments in the last 80 years. The initial stalemate between the USA and the USSR and now with nine nuclear armed countries global peace seems increasingly fragile…

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