Measure: to judge or appraise by comparison with something or someone else. Protagoras, in the Platonic dialogs, puts forth that “man (you) are the measure of all things.” In what many philosophers call the ‘Classical era’, until about 1500 CE, all of us in the Western world were measured against God which could broadly be called metaphysics (philosophy, especially in its more abstruse branches). Since God is ultimately an inconceivable concept or abstract, beyond our reach, the relationship is more subjective, not quantifiable. Beginning with the Renaissance, literally ‘rebirth’, science or natural philosophy came to the fore. Francis Bacon, in the early 1500’s, viewed that the purpose of natural philosophy was the mastery of nature for the betterment of human life. Aha, so this was the beginning of quantifying everything concretely. In the Classical era the measuring was subjective or abstract; while in the Modern era the measuring is concrete and verifiable with our senses, empiricism. In either case, whether the measuring is abstract/subjective or concrete/objective there is always a duality; higher or lower, better or worse, etc. The challenge facing us, humanity, is accepting that we each have to develop our own values if we are interested in creating a world which we can share and enjoy…